, LLD of Glasgow, who was said to be the father of social and vital statistics in Scotland. "James Cleland (1770-1840) persuaded the Glasgow authorities to establish a register of deaths to be kept by the wardens of burial grounds. In 1820 he persuaded the magistrates of the City to conduct a voluntary enumeration of its inhabitants to include details of sex, age, country of origin, duration of residence, occupation, religion and status. Cleland was a pioneer in understanding the need for detailed and accurate denominator data in calculating rates of the occurrence of events. See 1833." See http://www.chronology.ndo.co.uk/1800-1849.htm