James Graham , Scottish general. Succeeded to earldom (1626); one of four nobles who drew up National Covenant (1638); pacified Aberdeen; disaffected by ambition of Argyll, but led Covenanting army in forcing River Tyne (1640); imprisoned (1640) on charge of conspiring against Argyll; on outbreak of English Civil War (1644) created marquis and named lieutenant general of Scotland; raised force of Highlanders and Irish, won victories over pro-Parliamentary Scottish forces at Tippermuir, Aberdeen, Inverlochy, Auldearn, Alford, Kilsyth (1644-45); defeated with reduced army by David Leslie at Philiphaugh (1645); in exile (1646-50); landed with small force in Orkneys (1650), defeated, captured, hanged.
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