, Undersecretary for colonies (1858-59); as colonial secretary (1866-67, 1874-78), brought in bill for federation of North American provinces (1867) which created federal dominion of Canada; abolished slavery on Gold Coast (1874), introduced permissive federation bill for South Africa (1877); resigned in opposition to breach of neutrality in Russo-Turkish conflict (1878); as lord lieutenant of Ireland (1885-86), favoured limited self-government; opposed Gladstone' s home rule and land purchase bills.